A little sweeter:
mockobj.method.side_effect = lambda x: {123: 100, 234: 10000}[x]
or for multiple arguments:
mockobj.method.side_effect = lambda *x: {(123, 234): 100, (234, 345): 10000}[x]
or with a default value:
mockobj.method.side_effect = lambda x: {123: 100, 234: 10000}.get(x, 20000)
or a combination of both:
mockobj.method.side_effect = lambda *x: {(123, 234): 100, (234, 345): 10000}.get(x, 20000)
and merrily on high we go.